Question:
Assalamu walaikum wa rahmatullah,
It will be really beneficial if the following questions are replied.
1. What is the ruling of salah (in terms of ruku and sujud) for a woman during pregnancy? If the belly is increased to such a position that doing ruku and sujud generates pressure on the belly, is it permissible to perform salah while sitting?

2. Obligation of fasting during ramadhan for a pregnant woman? If missed due to illness and sickness, then the kadha and kaffara regarding the issue?

Jazakallahu Khair.

Answer:

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

As-salāmu ‘alaykum wa-rahmatullāhi wa-barakātuh.

1. If the performance of Ruku’ and Sajdah is harmful due to pregnancy[1], then the pregnant woman may perform Salah in the sitting position by lowering her head for Ruku’ and Sajdah.[2] The lowering of the head in Sajdah must be lower than the lowering of the head in Ruku’.

2. If a pregnant woman fears harm to herself or harm to the baby due to fasting, she is not obliged to fast. She must make up for the missed fast at a later date. She is not obliged to keep Kaffarah nor pay any Fidyah.[3]

And Allah Ta’āla Knows Best

(Mufti) Abdul Azeem bin Abdur Rahman

Disclaimer:

The Shar’a ruling herein given is based specifically on the question posed and should be read in conjunction with the question.

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[1]  وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي التَّعَذُّرِ؛ فَقِيلَ مَا يُبِيحُ الْإِفْطَارَ، وَقِيلَ التَّيَمُّمَ، وَقِيلَ بِحَيْثُ لَوْ قَامَ سَقَطَ، وَقِيلَ مَا يُعْجِزُهُ عَنْ الْقِيَامِ بِحَوَائِجِهِ. وَالْأَصَحُّ أَنْ يَلْحَقَهُ ضَرَرٌ بِالْقِيَامِ كَذَا فِي النِّهَايَةِ وَالْمُجْتَبَى وَغَيْرِهِمَا اهـ (رد المحتار، ج 2، ص 97، سعيد)

[2]  (وَإِنْ تَعَذَّرَا) لَيْسَ تَعَذُّرُهُمَا شَرْطًا بَلْ تَعَذُّرُ السُّجُودِ كَافٍ (لَا الْقِيَامُ أَوْمَأَ) بِالْهَمْزِ (قَاعِدًا) وَهُوَ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ الْإِيمَاءِ قَائِمًا لِقُرْبِهِ مِنْ الْأَرْضِ (وَيَجْعَلُ سُجُودَهُ أَخْفَضَ مِنْ رُكُوعِهِ) لُزُومًا (الدر المختار، ج 2، ص 97-98، سعيد)

[3]  (أَوْ حَامِلٍ أَوْ مُرْضِعٍ) أُمًّا كَانَتْ أَوْ ظِئْرًا عَلَى ظَاهِرِ (خَافَتْ بِغَلَبَةِ الظَّنِّ عَلَى نَفْسِهَا أَوْ وَلَدِهَا) وَقَيَّدَهُ الْبَهْنَسِيُّ تَبَعًا لِابْنِ الْكَمَالِ بِمَا إذَا تَعَيَّنَتْ لِلْإِرْضَاعِ (أَوْ مَرِيضٍ خَافَ الزِّيَادَةَ) لِمَرَضِهِ وَصَحِيحٍ خَافَ الْمَرَضَ، وَخَادِمَةٍ خَافَتْ الضَّعْفَ بِغَلَبَةِ الظَّنِّ بِأَمَارَةٍ أَوْ تَجْرِبَةٍ أَوْ بِأَخْبَارِ طَبِيبٍ حَاذِقٍ مُسْلِمٍ مَسْتُورٍ وَأَفَادَ فِي النَّهْرَ تَبَعًا لِلْبَحْرِ جَوَازَ التَّطْبِيبَ بِالْكَافِرِ فِيمَا لَيْسَ فِيهِ إبْطَالُ عِبَادَةٍ. قُلْت: وَفِيهِ كَلَامٌ لِأَنَّ عِنْدَهُمْ نُصْحُ الْمُسْلِمِ كُفْرٌ فَأَنَّى يُتَطَبَّبُ بِهِمْ، وَفِي الْبَحْرِ عَنْ الظَّهِيرِيَّةِ لِلْأَمَةِ أَنْ تَمْتَنِعَ مِنْ امْتِثَالِ أَمْرِ الْمَوْلَى إذَا كَانَ يُعْجِزُهَا عَنْ إقَامَةِ الْفَرَائِضِ لِأَنَّهَا مُبْقَاةٌ عَلَى أَصْلِ الْحُرِّيَّةِ فِي الْفَرَائِضِ (الْفِطْر) يَوْمَ الْعُذْرِ إلَّا السَّفَرَ كَمَا سَيَجِيءُ (وَقَضَوْا) لُزُومًا (مَا قَدَّرُوا بِلَا فِدْيَةٍ وَ) بِلَا (وَلَاءٍ) لِأَنَّهُ عَلَى التَّرَاخِي وَلِذَا جَازَ التَّطَوُّعُ قَبْلَهُ بِخِلَافِ قَضَاءِ الصَّلَاةِ. (الدر المختار، ج 2، ص 422-423، سعيد)